Facial contouring is a cosmetic technique that involves surgical or non-surgical methods to improve the appearance of facial lines to achieve a more symmetrical, youthful, and attractive appearance. Traditional facial surgeries are typically performed under general anesthesia and involve the removal of excess skin, as well as the repositioning and tightening of facial tissues to achieve facial lifting effects.

The temporomandibular joint, or TMJ, connects the jawbone to the skull. This joint performs both sliding and hinge actions, allowing the jaw to open, close, and move in circular motions. The bones that make these movements possible are covered in cartilage and separated from the jaw by a small, shock-absorbing disk.