Industry Resources - a-PDT

Measurement of Light Energy Transmission Through Dental Hard Tissue at 450 nm, 650 nm, 810 nm, and 980 nm

This study, titled “Quantifying light energy from 450 nm, 650 nm, 810 nm, and 980 nm wavelength lasers delivered through dental hard tissue” (Lasers in Dental Science, 2022), investigated ex vivo how much light energy from four laser wavelengths penetrates dental crowns to reach the pulp, using 30 extracted human teeth (incisors, premolars, molars).

At 0.5 W for 10 s (5 J total), results showed light transmission strongly depended on wavelength and crown thickness (P < 0.05); tooth type only significantly affected the 450 nm wavelength.

Measured absorption coefficients (µ) were approximately: 980 nm ≈ 2.55 cm⁻¹, 810 nm ≈ 2.45 cm⁻¹, 650 nm ≈ 1.87 cm⁻¹, and 450 nm ≈ 5.42 cm⁻¹ (±10%).

The study concludes that substantial attenuation by hard tissue should be considered in clinical practice to ensure sufficient light energy reaches the pulp for effective photobiomodulation.

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Can Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT)Enhance the Endodontic Treatment?

The study aimed to evaluate scientific literature on using different photosensitizers (PSs) for bacterial reduction in root canal treatment, particularly against Enterococcus faecalis. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched with relevant keywords from 2000 to 2015. It was concluded that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) should be used alongside conventional mechanical debridement and irrigants for effective bacterial elimination. However, the success rate of aPDT depends on factors like the type of PS, laser output power, irradiation time, pre-irradiation time, and type of tips used.

 


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Clinical applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is emerging as a promising non-invasive treatment for oral infections. It has been effective against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, including pathogens like Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faecalis. Advances in natural, nano-based, and targeted photosensitizers have enhanced its efficacy. Clinical studies, crucial for evidence-based applications, have shown aPDT to be effective in reducing pathogenic bacterial loads in periodontal, peri-implant, and persistent endodontic infections. However, more randomized clinical trials are needed to determine optimal protocols and parameters. Further high-quality trials with specific photosensitizers and irradiation parameters are essential for establishing effective clinical practices.


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